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<title>Mapcode</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mapcode</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Japanese system developed by Denso, see <a href="Denso_mapcode" title="Denso mapcode">Denso mapcode</a>.</div>

<p>The <b>mapcode</b> system is an open-source <a href="Geocode#Geocode_system" title="Geocode">geocode system</a> consisting of two groups of letters and digits, separated by a dot. It represents a location on the surface of the Earth, within the context of a separately specified country or territory. For example, the entrance to the elevator of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is “France 4J.Q2”. As with postal addresses, it is often unnecessary to explicitly mention the country.

</p><p>The mapcode algorithm defines how a <a href="World_Geodetic_System#WGS84" title="World Geodetic System">WGS 84 coordinate</a> (a <a href="Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> and <a href="Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a>) can be converted into a mapcode, and vice versa. Mapcodes may be supported on an <a href="Automotive_navigation_system" title="Automotive navigation system">automotive navigation system</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_principles">Design principles</h2></div>

<p>The mapcode system was designed specifically as a free, brand-less, international standard for representing any location on the surface of the Earth by a short, easy to recognize and remember “code”, usually consisting of between 4 and 7 letters and digits.

The shortness is the key differentiating factor between mapcodes and other location references;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more densely populated areas are designated with shorter (4 character) codes.

</p><p>The brevity of mapcodes was achieved through a combination of several ideas:

</p>

<ul><li>Codes need only be accurate enough for human, everyday use. On the human scale, when you are within a few meters of a destination, you are "there".</li>

<li>Shorter codes are possible within the context of a particular territory. For example: there are enough different combinations of 9 digits and letters to give every square meter on the surface of the Earth a different code. But to give every square meter within the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> a unique code, only 6 digits and letters are required.</li>

<li>Not all codes have to be the same length. Shorter codes are reserved for densely populated areas.</li></ul>

<p>The last idea, especially, yields very good results. For example, although every location within the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> can be identified by a 6-letter mapcode, half of the Dutch population can be found in about 40 cities and densely populated areas that together comprise less than 6,000 square kilometers. By reserving 5-letter mapcodes for these areas, half of the population can thus be reached with 5 mapcode letters. Since human dwellings and businesses are usually the more relevant locations in daily human life, this means that the relevant locations in the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> have 5-letter mapcodes more often than 6-letter mapcodes. In fact, a significant number of people live in the 100 square kilometers of very densely populated city centers of <a href="Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, <a href="The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="Eindhoven" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a> and <a href="Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, which are covered by 4-letter codes. The mapcode system thus defines a population-density-based code division for all (roughly 200) countries on Earth, all (roughly 100) overseas territories, and roughly 240 subdivisions (provinces, states, oblasts, etc.). With the exception of Antarctica and the international waters, few localities on the surface of the Earth require a mapcode longer than 7 letters.

</p><p>Note that mapcodes can in fact be made arbitrarily precise: at the cost of two extra characters, a mapcode is guaranteed to be less than 25 centimeters from the original coordinate. Every character added increases the accuracy further by a factor of 30.

However, the mapcode documentation<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> states that this defeats the key purpose of the mapcode system: to offer the simplest possible codes appropriate for public, every-day use.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The mapcode system was developed in 2001 by <a href="TomTom" title="TomTom">TomTom</a>'s <a href="Pieter_Geelen" title="Pieter Geelen">Pieter Geelen</a> and <a href="Harold_Goddijn" title="Harold Goddijn">Harold Goddijn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-tele_DidT_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tele_DidT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> soon after the GPS satellite signals were opened up for civilian use.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was decided to open source the system using <a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a> in 2008. The algorithms and data tables are maintained by the Mapcode Foundation, which provides source code and specifications free of charge to any organization that wants to support mapcodes.

</p><p>The mapcode website notes that the term "Mapcode" is a trademark and that the algorithm is patented,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both to prevent "misuse" (defined as producing an incompatible derivative system). As the Apache License provides a patent grant clause, making use of the algorithm via open-sourced code will remain unencumbered as long as all patents are held by the Mapcode Foundation or an associated entity.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mapcode was proposed as an international standard (<a href="International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO/TC</a> 221 N4037) in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The term "mapcode" was also used by <a href="Denso_mapcode" title="Denso mapcode">Denso</a> in Japan. The international mapcode system operated by the Mapcode Foundation is in no way linked to Denso or based on the <a href="Denso_mapcode" title="Denso mapcode">Denso system</a>.

</p><p>Attempting to establish a convenient standard of location, <a href="Here_Technologies" title="Here Technologies">HERE</a> supported Mapcode after its president joined the Mapcode board in 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> exposing mapcodes for each location. Support diminished in <a href="HERE_WeGo" class="mw-redirect" title="HERE WeGo">HERE WeGo</a> to processing mapcodes in search input alone until, finally in the early 2020s, no coordinate system formats other than latitude/longitude were supported.

</p><p><a href="TomTom" title="TomTom">TomTom</a>'s automotive navigation applications can utilize mapcodes which associate with nearby street addresses, and returns the locations of the nearby street addresses.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Advanced_Mobile_Location" title="Advanced Mobile Location">Advanced Mobile Location</a> – Widely implemented caller location for emergency services</li>

<li><a href="Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinate system</a> – System to specify locations on Earth

<ul><li><a href="Geohash" title="Geohash">Geohash</a> – Public domain geocoding invented in 2008</li>

<li><a href="Grid_reference_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Grid reference system">Grid reference system</a> – Cartesian geographic coordinate system<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li>

<li><a href="Maidenhead_Locator_System" title="Maidenhead Locator System">Maidenhead Locator System</a> – Geocode system used by radio amateurs</li>

<li><a href="Open_Location_Code" title="Open Location Code">Open Location Code</a> – Short text encoding of geographic coordinates</li>

<li><a href="Universal_Transverse_Mercator_coordinate_system" title="Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system">Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system</a> – Map projection system</li>

<li><a href="What3words" title="What3words">What3words</a> – Proprietary geocoding system</li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/should-mapcodes-replace-gps">"Should Mapcodes Replace G.P.S.?"</a>. The New Yorker<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapcode.com/documentation">"Mapcode reference document"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-tele_DidT-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tele_DidT_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2014" class="citation web cs1">Curtis, Sophie (18 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10975625/Did-TomTom-just-kill-the-postcode.html">"Did TomTom founders just kill the postcode?"</a>. <i>Telegraph.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/sa/goldin/">"The end of GPS Selective Availability"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2013057221A1/en">"Methods and apparatus for identifying geographic locations"</a>. <i>Google Patents</i>. 18 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapcode.com/documentation">"Documentation"</a>. <i>mapcode</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geospatialworld.net/article/mapcode-a-short-address-for-any-location-on-earth/">"Mapcode - A short address for any location on Earth"</a>. <i>Geospatial World</i>. 3 February 2015.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://360.here.com/2015/07/29/here-boss-lends-support-to-mapcode/">"HERE maps joins Mapcode"</a>. Nokia.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapcode.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itnewsafrica.com/2014/03/mapcodes-a-solution-for-connecting-to-the-un-addressed-in-africa">Mapcodes - a solution for connecting the unaddressed in South Africa</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ee.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/positionit-april-may2014-p50525354.pdf">Mapcodes - a new standard for representing locations (India)</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Geocode_systems155" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Geocode" title="Geocode">Geocode systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_FIPS_country_codes" title="List of FIPS country codes">FIPS country code</a> (FIPS 10-4)</li>

<li><a href="Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS place code</a> (FIPS 55)</li>

<li><a href="FIPS_county_code" title="FIPS county code">FIPS county code</a> (FIPS 6-4)</li>

<li><a href="Federal_Information_Processing_Standard_state_code" title="Federal Information Processing Standard state code">FIPS state code</a> (FIPS 5-2)</li>

<li><a href="GSS_coding_system" title="GSS coding system">GSS codes</a> (United Kingdom)</li>

<li><a href="Standard_Geographical_Classification_code_(Canada)" title="Standard Geographical Classification code (Canada)">SGC codes</a> (Canada)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Airport_code" title="Airport code">Airport codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA airport code</a></li>

<li><a href="ICAO_airport_code" title="ICAO airport code">ICAO airport code</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Country_code" title="Country code">Country codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">IANA country code</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2">alpha-2</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO_3166-1_alpha-3" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-3">alpha-3</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO_3166-1_numeric" title="ISO 3166-1 numeric">numeric</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_aircraft_registration_prefixes" title="List of aircraft registration prefixes">Aircraft prefixes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">IOC country code</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_FIFA_country_codes" title="List of FIFA country codes">FIFA country code</a></li>

<li><a href="International_vehicle_registration_code" title="International vehicle registration code">Vehicle country codes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Geodesic" title="Geodesic">Geodesic</a><br>place codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Discrete_global_grid" title="Discrete global grid">Global</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="C-squares" title="C-squares">C-squares</a></li>

<li><a href="Geohash" title="Geohash">Geohash</a></li>

<li><a href="Geohash-36" title="Geohash-36">Geohash-36</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Geographic_Reference_System" title="World Geographic Reference System">GEOREF</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Map_of_the_World" title="International Map of the World">International Map of the World</a> indexing system</li>

<li><a href="Marsden_square" title="Marsden square">Marsden square</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_Grid_Reference_System" title="Military Grid Reference System">Military Grid Reference System</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_Area_Code" title="Natural Area Code">Natural Area Code</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Location_Code" title="Open Location Code">Open Location Code</a></li>

<li><a href="UN/LOCODE" title="UN/LOCODE">UN/LOCODE</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Meteorological_Organization_squares" title="World Meteorological Organization squares">WMO squares</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ICES_Statistical_Rectangles" title="ICES Statistical Rectangles">ICES Statistical Rectangles</a> (north-east Atlantic region)</li>

<li><a href="Irish_grid_reference_system" title="Irish grid reference system">Irish grid reference system</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Topographic_System" title="National Topographic System">National Topographic System</a> (Canada)</li>

<li><a href="Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">Ordnance Survey National Grid</a> (UK)</li>

<li><a href="National_Level_Addressing_Grid" title="National Level Addressing Grid">National Level Addressing Grid</a> (India)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Postal_code" title="Postal code">Postal codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Postcodes_in_Australia" title="Postcodes in Australia">Australian post codes</a></li>

<li><a href="C%C3%B3digo_de_Endere%C3%A7amento_Postal" title="Código de Endereçamento Postal">CEP</a> (Brazil)</li>

<li><a href="Eircode" class="mw-redirect" title="Eircode">Eircodes</a> (Republic of Ireland)</li>

<li><a href="Postcodes_in_New_Zealand" title="Postcodes in New Zealand">New Zealand post codes</a></li>

<li><a href="Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">Postal Index Number</a> (India)</li>

<li><a href="UK_post_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="UK post codes">United Kingdom post codes</a></li>

<li><a href="ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a> (United States)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Telephony" title="Telephony">Telephony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_ITU_letter_codes" title="List of ITU letter codes">ITU-R country codes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_country_calling_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country calling codes">ITU-T country calling codes</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_country_code" title="Mobile country code">ITU-T mobile calling codes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">Amateur radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Maidenhead_Locator_System" title="Maidenhead Locator System">Maidenhead Locator System</a></li>

<li>Historical : <a href="QRA_locator" title="QRA locator">QRA locator</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-01-22" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Mapcode&oldid=1271128108">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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